Imagine a world sculpted by extraordinary geological forces, a world of bizarre rock formations: the towering sandstone columns of Arizona, the Carlsbad Caverns’ limestone formations extending over 120 meters. These are not merely rocks; they are testaments to immense geological power. Mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan, for instance, have been extruding hot mud for millennia, creating unique landscapes. Some caves, such as Son Doong Cave in Vietnam, house internal forests and subterranean rivers, ranking among the largest known cave systems. And let us not forget the iron-oxide-rich red soils of Australia or the permafrost of Siberia—each a unique environment. Even catastrophic events, such as the Chicxulub impact 66 million years ago,