A Surprising History of Marriage: Was Love a Myth?

History of Marriage: Love’s Unexpected Evolution

Historical marital practices often diverged significantly from contemporary notions of romantic love. For centuries, arranged marriages were prevalent, characterized by limited female autonomy and the near absence of divorce. This analysis examines several historical examples to consider the prevalence of romantic love as we currently understand it.

Ancient Roman Marriage

In ancient Rome (circa 200 BC), marriage primarily served economic and social purposes. Women lacked agency in partner selection, frequently marrying considerably older men. While divorce was possible, especially among the elite, it often resulted in social stigma for women.

Medieval European Marriage

Medieval Europe (circa 11th century) saw marriages largely arranged for political or economic expediency, with romantic love playing a minimal role. For many women, marriage entailed a life of servitude dictated by external factors.

Marriage in the 17th and 18th Centuries

The practice of arranged marriage continued into the 17th century, particularly among the aristocracy, further denying women agency. Numerous young women were compelled into unions with strangers, their lives profoundly shaped by familial decisions. Even in 18th-century England, despite societal changes, significant power imbalances persisted within marriage. Women were largely legally subordinate to their husbands, with limited rights concerning property and children. A considerable 70% of marriages involved substantial age discrepancies, typically with the woman being significantly younger.

The Evolution of Marriage

The historical record indicates that, for centuries, marital unions prioritized societal structures, economic benefits, and political strategies over affection. The extent to which romantic love, as a primary basis for marriage, existed historically remains a compelling question.